During foundation work, when groundwater is encountered and a different foundation type is proposed, which project team members should the architect consult?

• A. Geotechnical Engineer, Client, and Structural Engineer
• B. Structural Engineer, Concrete Subcontractor, and Geotechnical Engineer
• C. Geotechnical Engineer, Client, and Structural Engineer
• D. Geotechnical Engineer, Client, and Landscape Architect

Answer: (A)

When groundwater is encountered and a different foundation type is proposed, the main team to involve is the geotechnical engineer, the structural engineer, and the client. The geotechnical engineer analyzes groundwater impacts, soil conditions, and how they affect bearing capacity and excavation/dewatering requirements, helping determine whether a different foundation is feasible. The structural engineer evaluates the proposed foundation alternative for structural performance, load transfer, and settlement, ensuring the new system integrates safely with the structure. The client needs to be involved to review cost, schedule, and approval implications of changing the foundation approach. While other roles may contribute later, this trio covers the engineering feasibility and decision-making aspects essential to selecting a new foundation type.